Examine the roles of civil rights advocates (e.g., A. Philip Randolph, Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Thurgood Marshall, James Farmer, Rosa Parks), including the significance of Martin Luther King, Jr. 's "Letter from Birmingham Jail" and "I Have a Dream" speech.
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The letter from Birmingham City Jail, is an letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King, Jr. King wrote the letter from the city jail in Birmingham, Alabama, where he was kept after being arrested for having to do with a non-violent protest against segregation.
Drue M.
This is a bit of random (and possibly useless) information. There is a little known fact about Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" Speech. He stayed up most of the night before the date of his historic speech. He had a basic idea of what he wished to speak about and he wrote all of it down.
The next day, King was ready to give his speech. There were many Civil Rights activists at the event, therefore each speaker was only expected to speak for four to five minutes. When King took the podium, he knew what he wanted to say to the quarter-million people, both black and white, in the crowd. He began to give his speech.
Getting carried away by the energy of the moment, the event, and the crowd, King continued to speak well beyond the expected four minutes. This improvisation resulted in the famous phrase "I have a dream."
In the end, King's speech was around fifteen mintues long. And in today's time, it is hard to believe that he never intended to actually say "I have a dream".
More to come...
Nghiem Le P1
Rosa Parks Video
A. Philip Randoph- He was a union leader and head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (the first African American labor union). He managed to force a fedreral ban against discrimination in defense-related work.
Martin Luther King Jr.- He was a civil rights leader who did everything he could so African Americans would all have the same equal rights. He was arrested in Birmingham and thrown in jail. The white clergy took out a full page ad in the city's news paper. He responed and gained fame as the "Letter from a Birmingham Jail". In the letter he rejected the charges and wrote about non violence. In August 1963 African American leaders planed a huge march in Washition and thats when Martin gave his famous speech "I Have a Dream". Soon that afternoon president Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Malcom X- was the minster of black muslims. He offered a message of hope defiance and pride.
Thurgood Marshall- was a student who was denied admission to the University of Maryland law school because of his race. Marshall went with NAACP and fought for no segregation in schools.
James Farmer- was an American civil rights leader of CORE. He organized an intergrated bus trip and challenged segregation on interstate buses.
Rosa Parks- an NAACP memeber. She was on the Montgomery bus after a day at work and she refused to give up her seat to a white man.
Vanesa E. P5
A. Philip Randolph was a civil rights leader, his protest of unfair treatment of African Americans influenced president Roosevelt to outlaw discrimination.
Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American civil rights leader. He lead a successful Montgomery bus boycott because of this intergrated buses became a fact of life in Montgomery and elsewhere. When Martin Luther King, Jr. was arrested, a group of local white clergy men attacked King's actions in the city's newspaper. In jail, Martin Luther King wrote a letter to defend himself of these charges that they said against him. On August 28, 1963 Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech inspired people that they would be equal later so that whites and blacks could live side by side without any discrimination.
Malcom X was a supporter of the nation of Islam and a black leader. He began cooperating with other civil rights leaders and called for racial harmony, soon after this Malcom X was assassinated by black Muslims who considered him a traitor.
Thurgood Marshall was the first African American to serve on the supreme court.
Luiz M. Per. 5
I like the various details that Luiz and Vanessa had about the civil rights leaders! I also enjoyed the little known fact about MLK's "I have a dream" speech! I will have to use that next year! Great job!
Rosa Parks
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an African American civil rights activist whom the U.S. Congress later called "Mother of the Modern-Day Civil Rights Movement".
On December 1, 1955, Parks became famous for refusing to obey bus driver James Blake's order that she give up her seat to make room for a white passenger. This action of civil disobedience started the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which is one of the largest movements against racial segregation. In addition, this launched Martin Luther King, Jr., who was involved with the boycott, to prominence in the civil rights movement. She has had a lasting legacy worldwide.
An image of a model bus that Rosa Parks was sitting on when she didnt give up her seat to a white passenger:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rosa_Parks_Bus.jpg/800px-Rosa_Parks_Bus.jpg
Rosa Parks Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49ALwDsUzrk
Chris Robinson Per.1
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15,1929 – April 4, 1968) was one of the pivotal leaders of the American civil rights movement. King was a Baptist minister, one of the few leadership roles available to black men at the time. He became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the Montgomery Bus Boycott(1955–1956) and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1957), serving as its first president. His efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech. Here he raised public consciousness of the civil rights movement and established himself as one of the greatest orators in U.S. history. In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other non-violent means.
King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Jimmy Carter in 1977. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a national holiday in the United States in 1986. In 2004, King was posthumously awarded a Congressional Gold Medal.
The last Speech:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0FiCxZKuv8
Chris Robinson Per.1
Philip Randolph, Martin Luther King jr., Malcolm V, Thurgood Marshall, James Farmer, and Rosa Parks all influence the civil rights movement.
James Farmer and Philip Randolph both were leaders of a union against segregation.
Both Rosa Parks and Thurgood Marshall were part of the NAACP. They wanted no more discrimination because Marshall wanted to go to law school like any other white lawyer but was deny because of his race. Mrs. Parks was arrested for denying the middle seat of the bus to a white man. With there incidents they turn it into a positive thing and starting fighting for what they believe was right. To have the same rights as the white people who were born in the U.S.A.
And Malcom X was just a minister trying to help the the black muslim's rights.
The most influence the black community has had has been Martin Luther King. He believed in a non-violent protested. Just like Ghandi in India. He became known to the African American community with his letter from Birmingham's Jail. In that letter he stated his beliefs toward segregation and how everyone should have equal rights. In August 28, 1963 he gave one of the most historical speeches in America with "I Have a Dream." In that speech he stated how he desired in the future that different ethnicities but most of all whites and blacks could live among themselves all with equal rights.
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